Zvinhu zvine kuwanda kwemapoka ehydroxyl zvinodaidzwa kuti spolyols.Inogonawo kunge iine ester, ether, amide, acrylic, simbi, metalloid uye zvimwe zvinoshanda, pamwe nemapoka ehydroxyl.Polyester polyols (PEP) ine ester uye hydroxylic mapoka mumusana mumwe.Izvo zvinowanzogadzirirwa ne condensation reaction pakati pe glycols, kureva, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol uye dicarboxylic acid / anhydride (aliphatic kana inonhuhwirira).Izvo zvimiro zvePU zvinoenderanawo nechiyero chekuyambuka-yekubatanidza pamwe nehuremu hwemamorekuru ekutanga PEP.Nepo PEP ine mapazi akanyanya kuguma mukuomarara PU nekudziya kwakanaka uye makemikari kuramba, shoma branched PEP inopa PU nekugadzikana kwakanaka (pakudzika kwakadzika) uye kushomeka kwemakemikari kuramba.Saizvozvo, yakaderera mamorekuru huremu polyols inoburitsa yakaoma PU nepo yakakwira molecular uremu refu cheni polyols ichiburitsa inoshanduka PU.Muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wePEP inongoitika yega mafuta eCastor.Mamwe mafuta emiriwo (VO) nekushandurwa kwemakemikari anokonzeresa kuPEP.PEP inotapukirwa ne hydrolysis nekuda kwekuvapo kwe ester mapoka, uye izvi zvakare zvinotungamira mukuipa kwema mechanical properties.Dambudziko iri rinogona kukundwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwema carbodiimides.Polyether polyols (PETP) inodhura zvishoma pane PEP.Izvo zvinogadzirwa nekuwedzera kuita kwe ethylene kana propylene oxide nedoro kana amine kutanga kana kutanga pamberi peasidhi kana base catalyst.PU yakagadziridzwa kubva kuPETP inoratidza yakakwira mwando permeability uye yakaderera Tg, iyo inodzikamisa kushandiswa kwavo kwakawanda mumapendi nependi.Mumwe muenzaniso wema polyols ndeye acrylated polyol (ACP) yakagadzirwa nemahara radical polymerization yehydroxyl ethyl acrylate/methacrylate nemamwe ma acrylics.ACP inogadzira PU ine yakagadziridzwa kugadzikana kwemafuta uye zvakare inopa yakajairika maitiro ema acrylics kune inoguma PU.Aya maPU anowana maapplication sezvinhu zvekupfeka.Mapolyols anogadziridzwazve nesimbi yemunyu (semuenzaniso, metal acetates, carboxylates, chlorides) kugadzira simbi ine polyols kana hybrid polyols (MHP).PU yakawanikwa kubva kuMHP inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, kupenya uye anti-microbial maitiro.Literature inoshuma mienzaniso yakati wandei yeVO yakavakirwa PEP, PETP, ACP, MHP inoshandiswa sePU coating zvinhu.Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyeVO inotorwa fatty amide diols uye polyols (inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muchitsauko 20 Mbeu yakavakirwa polyurethanes: nzwisiso), iyo yakashanda seyakanakisa yekutanga zvinhu zvekuvandudza kwePU.Aya maPU aratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa uye kuramba kwehydrolytic nekuda kwekuvapo kweboka reamide mu diol kana polyol musana.

Declaration:Chinyorwa chakatorwa kubvaNhanganyaya kune Polyurethane ChemistryFelipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 naRam K.Gupta *,1 .Chete chekukurukurirana uye kudzidza, usaite zvimwe zvekutengesa zvinangwa, hazvimiriri maonero nemafungiro ekambani, kana iwe uchida kudhindazve, ndapota taura nemunyori wepakutanga, kana paine kukanganisa, ndapota taura nesu nekukurumidza kuti tiite delete processing.