Iyo indasitiri yemotokari inoshandisaflexible polyurethanesyezvigaro zvemotokari uye yakaoma polyurethanes ye
thermal uye sound insulations.Pasina mubvunzo, iyo inonyanya kukosha maficha e polyurethanes
mumotokari dzine huremu hushoma hunoperekedzwa nepamusoro pesimba remagetsi.Aya maficha anovandudza
mileage, kudhura-kushanda kwemafuta, uye kuchengetedzeka pakurwisana (18, 19).Polyurethanes anoshandiswawo mumotokari machira.Coatings akakosha kumota, sezvo achipa corrosion resistance kune simbi dzinoshandiswa munhengo dzemuviri.Ivo zvakare vanopa gloss maitiro kuita kuti mota dzirambe dzichimira, dzigare, uye dzitaridzike.Maindasitiri emotokari uye fenicha anoshandisa zvinodzoreredza murazvo mumajasi avo kuitira kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa.Rimwe basa rakaongorora kuvepo kwezvinodzora moto uye maitiro azvo paguruva remotokari (20).2,2-bis(chloromethyl) -propane-1,3-diyltetrakis(2-chloroethyl) bisphosphate, inozivikanwa seV6, inoshandiswa semurazvo unodzoreredza mumoto furo, ine tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate senge inozivikanwa carcinogen. musanganiswa (Mufananidzo 12).Kusungirirwa muhuwandu hwe5-6160 ng / g yeV6 muguruva remotokari yakaonekwa, iyo yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura muguruva reimba.Kunyangwe halogen-yakavakirwa murazvo 14 Gupta neKahol;Polyurethane Chemistry: Renewable Polyols uye Isocyanates ACS Symposium Series;American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2021. retardants anoshanda mukudzima moto, huturu hwavo kubva mukuburitswa kwemagasi ecarcinogenic
chikuru drawback.Huwandu hwakaringana hwekutsvagisa hwakapirwa mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshanda zvinodzoreredza moto pasina mwero wehupfu unoratidzwa nehalogen-based flame retardants.Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakashandiswa segirinhi murazvo retardants zvinobva pasimbi oxides (21), nitrogen (22), phosphorus (23), uye kabhoni (24).Aluminium trihydroxide, melamine, melamine cyanrate, melamine phosphate, ammonium phosphate, red phosphorous, phosphate esters, phosphinates, phosphonates, carbon black, uye kuwedzera graphite mienzaniso mishoma yezvinogoneka uye eco-friendly retardants.Zvinonyatsojeka kuti kugadzirwa uye kudzidza kwezvinodzosa moto - izvo zvinopa kuenderana kwakakodzera nemapolyurethanes uye hazviburitse utsi hune chepfu panguva yekupisa - kwakakosha zvakanyanya.

Declaration:Chinyorwa chakatorwa kubva muIntroduction to Polyurethane Chemistry Felipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 and Ram K.Gupta *,1 .Chete chekukurukurirana uye kudzidza, usaite zvimwe zvekutengesa zvinangwa, hazvimiriri maonero nemafungiro ekambani, kana iwe uchida kudhindazve, ndapota taura nemunyori wepakutanga, kana paine kukanganisa, ndapota taura nesu nekukurumidza kuti tiite delete processing.